Journal archive · Septum, valve and airway · Open versus closed approach · History, education and training · 2022
Evolution of the Septal Extension Graft in Endonasal Rhinoplasty: Long-term Efficacy and Reliability
Harel M, Shir-Az O, Berl A, Pevzner K, Shalom A.
What this paper says
In 60 closed rhinoplasties with a septal extension graft, the nasolabial angle rose from 93.75 to 101.1 degrees at one year and its spread narrowed, showing the graft delivers rotation predictably.
Overview
The septal extension graft overlaps the caudal septum in the midline to lengthen it and reposition the tip. The Israeli authors describe how their endonasal version has changed since the technique was first described in 2006 and evaluated photographs before and one year after surgery in 60 patients, measuring the nasolabial angle and the Crumley ratio.
Sections of note
- 60 patients, endonasal approach, one-year follow-up.
- Nasolabial angle: 93.75 (SD 9.45) before versus 101.1 (SD 5.3) after.
- The narrower postoperative standard deviation (5.3 versus 9.45) indicates more consistent tip position after surgery.
- Crumley ratio changed from 3.84 to 4.04 (95% CI -0.24 to -0.149; P < 0.001).
- The authors state the technique's adaptations have made it more reliable.
What it means for a patient
- Tip rotation and projection can be raised and made more uniform with this graft through a closed approach.
- Results held at one year; longer follow-up is not reported.
- Average rotation gain was about 7 degrees.
Why this paper matters
It provides measured one-year data for the endonasal septal extension graft. Limits: single group, retrospective, photographs only, no functional outcomes.
Terms
- Septal extension graft (SEG): cartilage fixed to the front of the septum to control tip position.
- Nasolabial angle: the angle between the upper lip and columella; higher means more upturned.
- Crumley ratio: a 3-4-5 triangle method of describing tip projection relative to nasal length.
- Endonasal: through incisions inside the nose.
Summary written by rhinoplasty.cc from the abstract, 2026-09-08; not medical advice. The authors' own abstract follows. All 1,262 summaries.
From the abstract
“Proper nasal tip projection and rotation have a strong impact on nasal aesthetics. Septal extension graft (SEG) is one of the tools employed to improve tip projection and rotation when performing rhinoplasty. This graft typically overlaps the existing caudal septum in the midline position, lengthening it and…”
Excerpt; the full abstract is on PubMed.
Citation
Start here
What the rhinoplasty literature says on this paper's topics, cited line by line to PubMed.
Septum, valve and airway
Every rhinoplasty is a breathing operation whether it intends to be or not: the septum holds the nose up as well as dividing it, and the narrowest part of the whole airway is the internal valve the surgeon is standing over.
Open versus closed approach
Whether the surgeon opens the nose through a small incision across the columella or works entirely through the nostrils has been argued in print since 1973, was put on facing pages of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery by Jack Gunter and Jack Sheen in 1997, and was finally pooled in 2025: across twenty studies and 1,067 patients there is no significant difference in what patients report, in breathing, in complications or in swelling.
History, education and training
Rhinoplasty is the oldest operation in plastic surgery and one of the hardest to teach: the technique reaches a trainee through a fellowship year, a meeting, a video and, increasingly, a printed model, because the traditional apprenticeship gives most residents almost no hands-on time.
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