Journal archive · Revision and secondary rhinoplasty · Ethnic, Asian, Middle Eastern, African and Latino rhinoplasty · Anatomy and nasal analysis · 1985
Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons
Farkas LG, Hreczko TA, Kolar JC, Munro IR.
In the archive as a landmark paper: the core sweep runs 2011–2026, and this one is here because the history of rhinoplasty rests on it · cited on nasal analysis.
From the abstract
“The validity of nine neoclassical formulas of facial proportions was tested in a group of 153 young adult North American Caucasians. Age-related qualities were investigated in six of the nine canons in 100 six-year-old, 105 twelve-year-old, and 103 eighteen-year-old healthy subjects divided equally between the sexes.…”
Excerpt; the full abstract is on PubMed.
Citation
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What the rhinoplasty literature says on this paper's topics, cited line by line to PubMed.
Revision and secondary rhinoplasty
Between 5% and 15% of rhinoplasties are done again, and the published series say the second operation is a different problem from the first: the cartilage is gone, the skin is scarred and less able to survive, and the airway is usually part of the complaint.
Ethnic, Asian, Middle Eastern, African and Latino rhinoplasty
The nose in front of the surgeon decides the operation, not the patient's ancestry: skin thickness, cartilage strength and existing dorsal height set the limits of what any technique can deliver, and planning every nose toward one Caucasian ideal is the error the comparative data now names.
Anatomy and nasal analysis
Before any technique is chosen, the nose has to be read: the bone measured, the cartilage counted, the skin assessed, and the result the patient wants agreed on a photograph that is not yet true.
Related papers
Same topic, same years.
- APS 1986PMID 3526833Abstract