Journal archive · Septum, valve and airway · Outcomes, satisfaction and psychology · 2026
Functional Outcomes After Feminizing Rhinoplasty
Amin L, Wu AW, Chen HH.
What this paper says
Transgender women having feminising rhinoplasty at Cedars-Sinai had NOSE breathing scores fall by 78%, 84% and 77% at 3, 6 and 12 months, no different from cisgender cosmetic rhinoplasty patients.
Overview
Feminising rhinoplasty, part of facial feminisation surgery, reduces and refines the nose substantially, raising the question of whether it blocks breathing. In this IRB-approved prospective cohort, cisgender men and women having cosmetic rhinoplasty and transgender women having feminising rhinoplasty completed the NOSE survey before surgery and at 3, 6 and 12 months; results were compared with t-tests.
Sections of note
- NOSE scores fell significantly in all groups.
- Transgender women: 78% reduction at 3 months, 84% at 6 months, 77% at 12 months.
- No significant postoperative difference between the cosmetic and feminising groups.
- Patient numbers are not given in the abstract.
What it means for a patient
- Feminising rhinoplasty did not worsen breathing in this cohort and was associated with improvement.
- Results matched those of standard cosmetic rhinoplasty at the same centre.
- Group sizes are not stated, so the precision of the estimates is unknown.
Why this paper matters
It is one of the few prospective functional studies in facial feminisation, a growing indication for rhinoplasty. Limits: single centre, sample size not reported in the abstract, patient-reported outcome only.
Terms
- Feminising rhinoplasty: nasal surgery to produce features typically read as female, such as a smaller, more concave bridge and a more rotated tip.
- Facial feminisation surgery (FFS): a set of procedures aligning facial appearance with female gender identity.
- NOSE: Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, a 0-100 breathing questionnaire; lower is better.
- Prospective cohort: patients enrolled before surgery and followed forward.
Summary written by rhinoplasty.cc from the abstract, 2026-09-08; not medical advice. The authors' own abstract follows. All 1,262 summaries.
From the abstract
“Feminizing rhinoplasty, as part of facial feminization surgery (FFS), aims to align nasal appearance with gender identity. While nasal obstruction is a known complication of rhinoplasty, its impact on feminizing rhinoplasty is unclear.This study investigates if feminizing rhinoplasty causes nasal obstruction secondary…”
Excerpt; the full abstract is on PubMed.
Citation
Start here
What the rhinoplasty literature says on this paper's topics, cited line by line to PubMed.
Septum, valve and airway
Every rhinoplasty is a breathing operation whether it intends to be or not: the septum holds the nose up as well as dividing it, and the narrowest part of the whole airway is the internal valve the surgeon is standing over.
Outcomes, satisfaction and psychology
Rhinoplasty is measured with ten different questionnaires, none of which covers both the way the nose looks and the way it breathes, and the best-developed one has no airway questions at all.
Related papers
Same topic, 2026.
- ASJ Adverse Outcomes and Complications of Autologous Versus Homologous Costal Cartilage Grafts in Septorhinoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisJullamusi W, Kowitwibool K, Mungmee A et al.2026PMID 42374829Abstract
- ASJ Dorsal Width and Functional Outcomes with use of Autospreader Flaps in Cosmetic RhinoplastyJabbour N, Pelligrini W, Shehan J et al.2026PMID 42415377Summary
- ASJ Efficacy of Combined Septal Extension and Derotation Grafts in Asian Rhinoplasty: A Quantitative Analysis of Tip Projection and StabilityHuang CJ, Tsai TY, Yen CI et al.2026PMID 41990353Summary
- ASJ Establishing Normative Data on Satisfaction with Nasal Appearance: a Dutch Population-Based Study Using Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Outcome InstrumentsKasapov M, Afonso PM, Datema FR et al.2026PMID 42670247Summary
- ASJ 2026PMID 42424527Summary
- ASJ Psychological Red Flags in Rhinoplasty: Predictors of Malpractice ClaimsOduncu M, Çelik M, Boylu ME et al.2026PMID 41419223Summary
- ASJ Secondary Liquid Rhinoplasty: Challenges, Techniques, and Long-term OutcomesValente DS, Zanella RK2026PMID 41124352Summary
- APS Aesthetic Septoplasty in Children with External Nasal Deformity: An Endonasal Modified Dorsum-Preserving Extracorporeal Septoplasty TechniqueGuliyev M, Erbek SS2026PMID 41145862Abstract